Sensitivity Uniformity Ratio as a New Index to Optimize the Scanning Geometry for Fluorescent Molecular Tomography

Abstract

Background: Molecular fluorescence imaging is widely used as a noninvasive method to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms. In the optical imaging system, the sensitivity is the change of the intensity received by the detector for the changed optical characteristics (fluorescence) in each sample point. Sensitivity could be considered as a function of imaging geometry. A favor imaging system has a uniform and high-sensitivity coefficient for each point of the sample. In this study, a new parameter was proposed which the optimal angle between the source and detector could be determined based on this parameter. Materials and Methods: For evaluation of the new method, a two-dimensional mesh with a radius of 20 mm and 5133 nodes was built. In each reconstruction, 0.5-mm fluorescence heterogeneity with a contrast-to-background ratio of fluorescence yield of 10 was randomly added at different points of the sample. The source and the detector were simulated in different geometric conditions. The calculations were performed using the NIRFAST and MATLAB software. The relationship between mean squared error (MSE) and sensitivity uniformity ratio (SUR) was evaluated using the correlation coefficient. Finally, based on the new index, an optimal geometrical strategy was introduced. Results: There was a negative correlation coefficient (R = -0.78) with the inverse relationship between the SUR and MSE indices. The reconstructed images showed that the better image quality achieved using the optimal geometry for all scanning depths. For the conventional geometry, there is an artifact in the opposite side of the inhomogeneity at the shallow depths, which has been eliminated in the reconstructed images achieved using the optimal geometry. Conclusion: The SUR is a powerful computational tool which could be used to determine the optimal angles between the source and detector for each scanning depth.